The occurrence of any type of diabetes is due to the fact that glucose is not completely or partially absorbed by the human body, which leads to many unpleasant and sometimes irreversible consequences. Under normal conditions, the pancreas (PCR) automatically releases the hormone insulin into the bloodstream as soon as glucose is visible in the blood, and the body's cells use it to "absorb" sugar. In diabetics, this process is disrupted for various reasons.
Type 1 diabetes
Typically, type 1 diabetes occurs in early childhood and adolescence. The pancreas stops producing insulin because the beta cells of the Langerhans Islands, where it is produced, die completely or partially. Sometimes clinical type 1 diabetes begins after severe viral infections, and scientists believe that the immune system is to blame for this "failure. "
Some dangerous viruses are very similar in structure to beta cells of the pancreas, and the immune system destroys them along with alien viruses. Insulin-producing cells cannot be restored, so the only way for a diabetic to improve their metabolism is to monitor their blood sugar levels for life and give them insulin on time.
type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood and old age. Often, it is associated with obesity, although sometimes it is inherited, as well as after taking certain medications. Type 2 diabetes can develop against the background of chronic diseases of the pancreas or during pregnancy. Although the pancreas of such patients produces enough insulin, it is slower than necessary. Therefore, cells do not have time to use all the glucose, and its level rises.
The second cause of glycemia in type 2 diabetes is a decrease in tissue sensitivity to the hormone insulin. Doctors call this disorder "insulin resistance". They simply do not have the normal amount, which is primarily due to obesity.
Gestational diabetes
One type of type 2 diabetes is gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes. A pregnant woman's pancreas produces normal amounts of insulin, but the presence of "pregnancy hormones" in the blood reduces the sensitivity of tissues to it. It usually occurs at 20-24 weeks and lasts until birth, after which the metabolism improves on its own. However, sometimes, DM 1 begins under the name of gestational diabetes, and DM 2 occurs in the background of the pregnancy, when the woman does not suspect its presence.